This was a 138-word story on a recent study that found that more than one multivitamin a day was correlated with increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer. However the story fell short of the mark of informing readers because it failed to provide sufficient context to understand what the absolute increase in risk was. See our primer on absolute vs. relative risk.
Instead of explaining that taking additional beta carotene and zinc supplements increased this risk even more, the story could have used that space to provide numbers to help men understand the frequency with which advanced prostate cancer occurs and how common it is that prostate cancer never advances or becomes fatal. Saying that risk was increased 32% or "nearly doubled" just isn’t helpful if readers aren’t given the baseline risk. 32% of what? Nearly double what?
We will continue to point out the severe limitations of such short pieces on medical science.
Meantime, a short 263-word story by USA Today on the same study got a five-star score – so it is possible to be brief and meet most of our criteria.
Not applicable. The story didn’t discuss the costs of multivitamins, but this is common knowledge.
The story mentioned that the study "provided strong evidence that taking just one multivitamin a day did not cause harm.", which could be considered a benefit of treatment.
The harms of treatment, i.e. increased risk of advanced prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer were mentioned. However, the source article for this story included estimates of the frequency with which these normally occur, so the story could have included this information and provided a more informative picture.
The story provided evidence of increased risk only in relative terms, not absolute. See our primer on this issue. Without knowing how common advanced or fatal prostate cancer are, it is not possible to understand what 32% and 50% increases represent.
This story did not engage in disease mongering.
The only source quoted in this story was the senior author of the paper reported on. It would have been helpful to have an independent source comment on the results presented.
The treatment options discussed are taking one multivitamin a day (which was not found to increase advanced prostate cancer risk) and taking more than one multivitamin a day, which was found to be correlated with increased risk.
The story didn’t provide information about other options for decreasing prostate cancer risk, or other factors that increase prostate cancer risk.
Not applicable. The story didn’t discuss availability of multivitamins but this is common knowledge.
The story does not mention whether the observation that excessive vitamin consumption is associated with increased prostate cancer risk was new or not.
We can’t be sure if the story relied solely or largely on a news release. Only one source is quoted.
Systematic, Criteria-Driven
Monday at #ADA2021, an infectious disease epidemiologist, a journalist, and a researcher shared perspectives on communication of risk in the era of COVID-19: http://ow.ly/ROfR30rMeE7 @AstleyCM @garyschwitzer @berthahidalgo @ADA_DiabetesPro
Shoutouts to @susan_bewley @drkevinknopf @MichaelBaum11 in this call for more than fawning coverage from press releases for these kinds of stories.
Also, linked history inside goes back 5 years just on Grail apparently trying to become Holy Grail. https://twitter.com/garyschwitzer/status/1408849696416841731
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